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Novel insights into phytoplasma effectors
KARLA GISEL CARREON ANGUIANO
SARA ELENA VILA LUNA
Luis Alfonso Sáenz Carbonell
Blondy Beatriz Canto Canché
Acceso Abierto
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas
https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111228
PHYTOPLASMAS
CROP PATHOGENS
EFFECTORS
PROTEIN DOMAINS
DE NOVO MOTIFS
SLIMS (ELMS)
EFFECTOR TRIBES
EFFECTOR FAMILIES
EFFECTOROMICS-BASED HORTICULTURE AND AGRICULTURE
Effectoromics has become integral to the identification of pathogen targets and/or host-resistant proteins for the genetic improvement of plants in agriculture and horticulture. Phytoplasmas are the causal agents of more than 100 plant diseases in economically important crops such as vegetables, spices, medicinal plants, ornamentals, palms, fruit trees, etc. To date, around 20 effectors in phytoplasmas have been experimentally validated but the list of putative effectors comprises hundreds of different proteins. Very few families (tribes) have been identified based on homology, such as the SAP05-like, SAP11-like, SAP54-like and TENGU-like families. The lack of conservation in amino acid sequences slows the progress of effectoromics in phytoplasmas since many effectors must be studied individually. Here, 717 phytoplasma effector candidates and 21 validated effectors were characterized in silico to identify common features. We identified functional domains in 153 effectors, while 585 had no known domains. The most frequently identified domain was the sequence-variable mosaic domain (SVM domain), widely distributed in 87 phytoplasma effectors. Searching for de novo amino acid motifs, 50 were found in the phytoplasma effector dataset; 696 amino acid sequences of effectors had at least 1 motif while 42 had no motif at all. These data allowed us to organize effectors into 15 tribes, uncovering, for the first time, evolutionary relationships largely masked by lack of sequence conservation among effectors. We also identified 42 eukaryotic linear motifs (ELMs) in phytoplasma effector sequences. Since the motifs are related to common functions, this novel organization of phytoplasma effectors may help further advance effectoromics research to combat phytoplasma infection in agriculture and horticulture.
2023
Artículo
Horticulturae. 9, 1228, 2023.
Inglés
Carreón-Anguiano, K.G.; Vila-Luna, S.E.; Sáenz-Carbonell, L.; Canto-Canché, B. Novel Insights into Phytoplasma Effectors. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 1228. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9111228
BIOLOGÍA MOLECULAR
Versión publicada
publishedVersion - Versión publicada
Aparece en las colecciones: Artículos de Investigación Arbitrados

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